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Mythic Mandarin

Since that's the case: 既然…就

HSK 4 Unit 3: Conditions and choices · Lesson 2 of 5 · About 22 minutes

Preview version — Chinese review in progress.

Your mission: By the end of this lesson, you can draw a conclusion from a known situation with 既然…就, and talk about promises, regrets and giving up.

Warm-up: do you remember?

Two quick questions from earlier lessons. Recalling before you learn makes the new material stick.

  1. Meaning

    What does 理想 mean?

    1. ideal, dream
    2. hungry
    3. occupation, profession
    Show the answer

    Answer: A, ideal, dream.

    理想 (lǐxiǎng) means ideal, dream.

  2. Characters

    Which word means “occupation, profession”?

    1. 外向
    2. 职业
    3. 相反
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, 职业.

    “occupation, profession” is 职业 (zhíyè).

  3. Listening

    From an earlier unit. Listen. What does the word mean?

    Cannot listen? Read it instead

    花 huā

    1. not only
    2. even
    3. flower
    Show the answer

    Answer: C, flower.

    You heard 花 (huā): flower.

New words

  • 既然jìránsince, now that
  • 答应dāyingto agree, to promise
  • 后悔hòuhuǐto regret
  • 放弃fàngqìto give up
  • 尊重zūnzhòngto respect

既然…就…

既然 (jìrán) states a fact that both speakers accept; 就 gives the conclusion: since that's how it is, then …. Unlike 如果, the first part is already true.

  • 既然你不舒服,就早点儿回家吧。

    Jìrán nǐ bù shūfu, jiù zǎodiǎnr huí jiā ba.

    Since you're not feeling well, go home early.

  • 既然你答应了,就一定要做到。

    Jìrán nǐ dāying le, jiù yídìng yào zuò dào.

    Since you promised, you must do it.

既然 needs a fact that both speakers already accept. For a pure supposition, use 如果: 如果明天下雨,我们就别去了。

Promises and regrets

答应 (dāying) is to agree or promise; 后悔 (hòuhuǐ) is to regret; 放弃 (fàngqì) is to give up; 尊重 (zūnzhòng) is to respect.

  • 我不后悔。

    Wǒ bú hòuhuǐ.

    I have no regrets.

  • 别放弃!

    Bié fàngqì!

    Don't give up!

  • 我尊重你的选择。

    Wǒ zūnzhòng nǐ de xuǎnzé.

    I respect your choice.

Characters

Open a character to see how it is written, stroke by stroke, with its meanings and words.

Don't give up

Gao Fei wants to give up his evening Chinese class. Chen Jing talks to him.

Listen first

Play the whole conversation and answer the questions before you open the transcript.

  1. Listening

    Listen first. What does Gao Fei want to give up?

    1. his job at the company
    2. his evening Chinese class
    3. running in the evenings
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, his evening Chinese class.

    想放弃晚上的汉语课.

  2. Listening

    What does he decide in the end?

    1. to give up
    2. to keep going
    3. to change teacher
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, to keep going.

    我就坚持下去.

Show the transcript
Pinyin
Translation
  1. 高飞

    我Wǒ太tài忙máng了le,想xiǎng放弃fàngqì晚上wǎnshang的de汉语Hànyǔ课kè。

    I'm too busy. I'm thinking of giving up my evening Chinese class.

  2. 陈静

    你Nǐ不bú是shì答应dāying了le你nǐ自己zìjǐ,今年jīnnián一定yídìng要yào学好xuéhǎo汉语Hànyǔ吗ma?

    Didn't you promise yourself you would learn Chinese properly this year?

  3. 高飞

    是Shì啊a,可是kěshì工作gōngzuò太tài累lèi了le。

    Yes, but work is too tiring.

  4. 陈静

    既然Jìrán你nǐ已经yǐjīng学xué了le半bàn年nián,就jiù别bié放弃fàngqì。以后Yǐhòu你nǐ会huì后悔hòuhuǐ的de。

    Since you've already studied for half a year, don't give up. You'll regret it later.

  5. 高飞

    你Nǐ说shuō得de对duì。既然Jìrán我wǒ答应dāying了le自己zìjǐ,我wǒ就jiù坚持jiānchí下去xiàqu。

    You're right. Since I promised myself, I'll keep going.

  6. 陈静

    我Wǒ尊重zūnzhòng你nǐ的de选择xuǎnzé,加油jiāyóu!

    I respect your choice. Go for it!

Speak: listen, record, compare

Listen to each model, record yourself, then play both and compare: the rhythm, the tones, the vowels. No automatic score: your ear is the judge.

  • 既然你已经学了半年,就别放弃。以后你会后悔的。

    Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng xué le bàn nián, jiù bié fàngqì. Yǐhòu nǐ huì hòuhuǐ de.

    Since you've already studied for half a year, don't give up. You'll regret it later.

  • 你说得对。既然我答应了自己,我就坚持下去。

    Nǐ shuō de duì. Jìrán wǒ dāying le zìjǐ, wǒ jiù jiānchí xiàqu.

    You're right. Since I promised myself, I'll keep going.

  • 我尊重你的选择,加油!

    Wǒ zūnzhòng nǐ de xuǎnzé, jiāyóu!

    I respect your choice. Go for it!

Practice

  1. Meaning

    What does 既然 mean?

    1. since, now that
    2. almost, nearly
    3. fish
    Show the answer

    Answer: A, since, now that.

    既然 (jìrán) means since, now that.

  2. Characters

    Which word means “to agree, to promise”?

    1. 理想
    2. 后悔
    3. 答应
    Show the answer

    Answer: C, 答应.

    “to agree, to promise” is 答应 (dāying).

  3. Pinyin

    How do you read 后悔 (to regret)?

    1. hǒuhuǐ
    2. hòuhuǐ
    3. hòuhuī
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, hòuhuǐ.

    后悔 is read hòuhuǐ. Check the tone mark on every syllable.

  4. Listening

    Listen. What does the word mean?

    Cannot listen? Read it instead

    放弃 fàngqì

    1. to book, to reserve
    2. to give up
    3. summer
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, to give up.

    You heard 放弃 (fàngqì): to give up.

  5. Your turn

    Recall: type the Chinese for “to respect” (characters or pinyin).

    Show the answer

    Answer: 尊重

    “to respect” is 尊重 (zūnzhòng).

  6. Grammar

    Which sentence is right?

    1. 既然你累了,所以你休息吧。
    2. 既然你累了,你就休息吧。
    3. 既然你累了,但是休息吧。
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, 既然你累了,你就休息吧。.

    既然你累了,你就休息吧。: 既然…就: since … then.

  7. Fill the gap

    Complete: Don't give up!

    别__!

    1. 后悔
    2. 放弃
    3. 答应
    Show the answer

    Answer: B, 放弃.

    别放弃: don't give up!

  8. In context

    You promised to help a friend move. Now you're tired. What should you think?

    1. 既然答应了,就要去。
    2. 既然答应了,就别去。
    3. 无论答应了,都别去。
    Show the answer

    Answer: A, 既然答应了,就要去。.

    既然答应了,就要去。: 既然答应了,就要去: since I promised, I should go.

  9. Your turn

    Type the Chinese for I don't regret it

    Show the answer

    Answer: 我不后悔

    我不后悔: I have no regrets.

Advice

Give advice out loud to three friends in difficult situations, each time with 既然…就.

  1. A friend who is tired of their job.
  2. A friend who promised to do something.
  3. A friend who wants to give up learning something.

Sentence frames

  • 既然__,你就__吧。

    Jìrán __, nǐ jiù __ ba.

    Since ..., you should ...

Record your attempt (three and a half minutes at most) and listen back:

Review and finish

Can you do this? If a line feels shaky, go back to that part before you move on.

  • I use 既然…就 for a conclusion from a known fact.
  • I can talk about promises, regrets and giving up.

Review works best spaced out: answer these exercises again tomorrow, then after a few days. Your progress is saved in this browser.

Completing records that you finished the lesson. Mastery is separate: it grows as reviews bring the exercises back and you answer them correctly.

Next lesson: If we miss the train: 要是